Case Study: How a YouTube Rap Video was Used to Convict a Defendant
Video uploaded to social media sites must be authenticated in order to be admissible. The question of what level of proof is required to meet the authentication requirement was explored recently in United States v. Pettway, 2018 WL 4958962 (United States District Court, W.D. New York). The defendant was convicted by a jury of various...
Case Study: Authenticating Facebook Video – “We Live!”
The admissibility of Facebook video was at issue in Lamb v. State of Florida, 246 So.3d 400 (2018) (District Court of Appeal of Florida, Fourth District). The defendant was being tried for two carjackings and the state sought to introduce Facebook Live video apparently recorded within minutes of the carjackings and purporting to show the...
Case Study: Facial Recognition Evidence Premised on Surveillance Video Rejected Due to Unreliability
A recent California case provides yet another illustration of how conclusions premised on the analysis of images obtained from surveillance video must be reached by people who have forensic video analysis training and how it is the role of the court to deny admissibility to unreliable expert evidence. In State of California v....
Case Study: Vehicle Speed Determination Based on Video Evidence Rejected as Being Unhelpful
Determining the speed of motor vehicles involved in collisions is central to virtually all cases where fatalities have occurred. I have prosecuted countless criminal driving fatality cases wherein speed was integral to determining liability. While there are cases where vehicle speed cannot be reliably determined, speed can typically be determined from measurements obtained at the...
Case Study: Vehicle Speed Determination from Video Evidence – Video Evidence Excluded Due to Unreliability and Failure to Authenticate
State of New Hampshire v. Witty (unreported, November 25/15, New Hampshire Superior Court, Southern District, Docket No. 226-2014 CR-00568) is an interesting case wherein the state sought to lead vehicle speed determination evidence premised on problematic surveillance video without the use of an expert witness. The defense sought to exclude this evidence. The...
Case Study: Trial Judge Performs Image Comparison When Crown Fails to Present Expert Evidence
In R. v. Ermine, 2018 SKQB 77 (Saskatchewan Court of Queen’s Bench), the trial judge was placed in the position of having to conduct his own video analysis because the Crown failed to call the necessary expert evidence. In this case, three individuals robbed a bar. Two of the robbers pled guilty earlier and...
The Court Needs the Best Video Evidence Available: Why a Qualified Forensic Video Expert is Essential
The function of a trial court is to decide the legal dispute that is brought before it by the litigants. In a criminal case, it is the state that charges the defendant with a crime and commences a prosecution. When the case reaches the trial stage, the prosecution (and sometimes the defence) will...
Frame by Frame Analysis: Better than Just Hitting Play
Video images can provide significant information about what occurred during an event and about the people involved. Being an objective observer, the video camera records the events that occurred before it to the best of its ability, without favor or prejudice to the people depicted. It is for these reasons that video evidence...
Case Study: Failure to Authenticate Surveillance Video Leads to Exclusion of Evidence
Authentication is a prerequisite for the admissibility of video evidence. As discussed in several articles on this website, failure by the tendering party to lead sufficient reliable evidence to prove authentication will result in a ruling of inadmissibility. Such was the case in the May 21, 2018 ruling in State of New York v....
A Brave New World?: Authenticating Electronic Evidence and the Impact of FRE Rule 902(14)
In the United States, the Federal Rules of Evidence (FRE) govern many aspects of evidence admissibility in federal cases. Given that many states have adopted portions of the FRE, the reach of the federal rules is quite expansive. The requirement for authentication is set out in Rule 901, discussed in an earlier article. Rule...